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“The Second Coming”: dire prophecies.
But haven’t there always been prophecies of The End?
But it’s not the end: it is the decline of one age, and the rise of another.
But what other? What rough beast slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? (And now you understand that allusion that a scholar might make.)
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/official-prophecy-of-doom-global-warming-will-cause-widespread-conflict-displace-millions-of-people-and-devastate-the-global-economy-9198171.html
Shakespeare vis-vis hip-hop
A TED talk exploring syllabication and beat and substance.
Bear through the quiz and listen.
The symbol system of “The Second Coming.”
A brief scan of the graphics on this site offers an idea of a “gyre” as a two-thousand year cycle.
http://www.yeatsvision.com/History.html#Cycles
For an idea of how many essays have been penned about Yeats’ symbolism and “The Second Coming,” this is a link to a 394-page book of essays that is quite in-depth.
http://www.clemson.edu/cedp/cudp/pubs/vision/vision_book.pdf
Lastly, look at the wikipedia entry to see an example of how wiki can be quite tepid. (Even Schmoop beats them in this particular case.)
The Poetry of Repetion.
You should recognize it.
Understanding poetry: repetition and parallelism
Repetition and parallelism—the use of similar constructions within the sentence—need further expansion. The queen of figurative language, repetition of sound or word or phrase slips from poetry to prose to speeches of art or urgency. Memorize this terminology, then begin to see how the great writers and orators employ it.
anaphora, the same words open the clause series
e.g., What the hammer? What the chain? In what furnace was thy brain?
epistrophe, the same words close a clause series
e.g., When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child
symploce, the use of both anaphora and epistrophe:
For want of a nail the shoe was lost.
For want of a shoe the horse was lost.
For want of a horse the rider was lost.
For want of a rider the battle was lost.
For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.
And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.
asyndeton, the omission of conjunction
e.g., Veni, vidi, vici.
polysyndeton, the repetition of conjunction
e.g., …men and women who spoke the language of duty and morality and loyalty and obligation.
antithesis, opposition in construction
e.g., Many are called, few are chosen.
Man proposes, God disposes.
climax, clauses ascending in importance
e.g., …three things endure: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love.
Additionally, there are different forms of asyndeton for the acutely-focused student:
apokoinu: …there was no breeze came through the door.
parataxis: I weep for Adonais—he is dead.
zeugma: Mary likes chocolate, John vanilla.
Figures of repetition
A fantastic resource with which to go deeper into figurative speech and the understanding of the craft.
From the aptly-named SILVA RHETORICAE: follow the branches.
Understanding poetry: terminology mnemonics
Close readers of the lists noted that I have arranged the terminology so that the first letters create the phrase mnemonic “The airship fuel.”
see https://kingsleyandersen.com/2013/08/05/understanding-poetry-rhyme-v-2/
In v.2 I have added consonance, assonance, and repetition, thus increasing the mnemonic to “The airship fuel car.” As this may not appeal to your tastes, I offer the following mnemonics to aid you in memorizing the basics of rhyme. (If you don’t find any that stick in your memory, you are a hard nut indeed.)
Hi! Uplift a searcher
Relish fruit: a peach
A catfish pie hurler
Here, hurl a pacifist
Theirs a careful hip
Each a pushier flirt
A fireplace hurt his
A heretical fur ship
A peachier lush rift
Either hip’s a fulcra
Hire a plushier fact
A ripe flesh haircut
A haircut fire helps
Hurl a feistier chap
A filthier chap’s rue
Hurries a life patch
Charities fur a help
A spherical fire hut
He’s a spherical fruit
Uh, a seraphic lifter
Hurl a heraphic serif
Plus a charier thief
A charier he uplifts
Flip her a Eucharist
A chapel hires fruit
Preach a filthier us
Hi purchaser! A filet?
Hi! Purchase a trifle
Reach a flusher tipi
Hi! A spiteful archer
Hurl a spacier thief
A practice flier, huh?
A practice rifle, huh?
Uh a shiftier parcel
Understanding poetry: rhyme v.2
From the Oxford:
rhyme |rīm|
noun
correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, esp. when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.
• a short poem in which the sound of the word or syllable at the end of each line corresponds with that at the end of another.
• poetry or verse marked by such correspondence of sound.
• a word that has the same sound as another.
To simplify:
rhyme, the correspondence of sounds between words or the ending of words.
rhythm is a regular, repeated pattern, from the Greek rhuthmos, ‘to flow.’
To review:
syllable, a vowel sound usually conjoined to a consonant.
vowel, an open vocal-tract sound.
consonant, a closed vocal-tract sound.
Now, some examples. (Note that rhyme at the end of the line is only one of many types):
triple, words with three rhyming syllables, e.g., quickening/thickening
head, i.e., alliteration: “And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain.”
end, rhyme at the line’s end
apocopated, a “cut-off”rhyme, e.g., hot/potted, pain/gainless
internal, rhyme within the line
rising, an iamb (syllables unstressed and stressed) or single stressed syllable at line’s end (see image below)
slant/half/off/approximate/near, an “almost” rhyme, e.g, fear/care, gone/moan
homonym, a repeated rhyme with different spelling, e.g., sail/sale, preys/praise
identical, or repetition, the same word, reemphasized
pure, rhyme with differing initial consonant: bell/cell/dell/fell/hell
falling, a trochee (syllables stressed and unstressed)(see image below.)
unpatterned, randomly-placed rhymes
eye, slant rhymes that look alike: cough/rough, wind/find
linked, end syllable of one line beginning the next, e.g.,
Night weighs down on the rooftop
stops the flashlight of a scared cop
consonance, recurring consonants in proximity
assonance, repeated vowel sounds in stressed syllables
repetition, repeating word or phrase
The list is an adaptation of the types of rhyme listed in
Mayes, Frances. The Discovery of Poetry. Harcourt. 2001. (See https://kingsleyandersen.com/2013/07/01/494/ for page numbers.)
The stressed or accented syllable is indicated by the ictus′ and the unstressed or unaccented syllable by the breve˘
Kingsley Andersen 